Best Heated Eye Masks Dry Eyes: 2025 Guide To Optimal Vision

Best heated eye masks for dry eyes offer a sophisticated, non-invasive solution for ocular discomfort, leveraging advanced thermal therapy to restore tear film stability and enhance overall visual performance. NeuroTech Insider presents this comprehensive guide to optimize your daily neuro-visual function, providing significant dry eye relief through targeted warmth, promoting superior ocular wellness and cognitive clarity.

How Do Heated Eye Masks Auto-Tune Your Ocular Health for Peak Performance?

Quick Answer: Heated eye masks enhance ocular health by delivering precise, therapeutic warmth to the eyelids, stimulating meibomian gland function, improving tear film quality, and reducing inflammation associated with dry eye syndrome, thereby optimizing visual comfort and performance.

The intricate mechanism behind how heated eye masks provide such profound dry eye relief lies in their ability to target the root causes of ocular surface dysfunction. Modern life, characterized by prolonged screen time, environmental stressors, and certain systemic conditions, often leads to meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), a primary contributor to evaporative dry eye disease. These glands, located along the rim of the eyelids, are responsible for secreting the oily layer of the tear film, which prevents rapid evaporation of the watery layer. When these glands become blocked or their secretions thicken, the tear film destabilizes, leading to discomfort, blurred vision, and potential ocular surface damage.

Therapeutic heat, typically maintained within a range of 40-45 degrees Celsius (104-113 degrees Fahrenheit), effectively melts the congealed meibum within the glands. This liquefaction facilitates the natural expression of these vital oils, allowing for a more robust and stable tear film. Scientific studies, such as those published in the journal Ophthalmology, consistently demonstrate that consistent application of warm compresses significantly improves tear break-up time (TBUT) and reduces dry eye symptoms. For biohackers and tech-savvy professionals, this translates into sustained visual acuity and reduced cognitive load from eye strain, enhancing productivity and focus.

What is the Scientific Basis for Heat Therapy in Dry Eye Management?

Quick Answer: Heat therapy for dry eyes primarily functions by increasing the temperature of the meibomian glands, which are crucial for producing the lipid layer of tears. This warmth softens and melts the solidified meibum, allowing for improved gland secretion and stabilization of the tear film.

The scientific foundation of heat therapy for dry eyes is rooted in ophthalmology and biophysics. Meibomian glands secrete a lipid-rich substance known as meibum, which forms the outermost layer of the tear film. This lipid layer is essential for preventing the rapid evaporation of the aqueous layer and maintaining ocular surface lubrication. In MGD, the meibum becomes hyperkeratinized and thickened, obstructing the gland orifices and leading to a deficient lipid layer. The typical melting point of healthy meibum is around 32-35 degrees Celsius, but in MGD, this can increase to 37-39 degrees Celsius or higher due to altered lipid composition. Heated eye masks provide external heat, typically elevating the eyelid temperature to approximately 40-45 degrees Celsius for a sustained period, usually 10-15 minutes.

This sustained temperature increase accomplishes several critical tasks. First, it directly melts the viscous meibum, enabling it to flow more freely from the glands. Second, the warmth promotes vasodilation in the local blood vessels, increasing blood flow to the area, which can aid in reducing inflammation and delivering essential nutrients for gland health. Third, the heat can help loosen any keratinized plugs blocking the gland openings, allowing for easier expression. Clinical trials have shown that patients undergoing regular warm compress therapy experience statistically significant improvements in Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores, indicating a reduction in subjective symptoms, and objective measures like meibomian gland expressibility and tear film stability. Data from a 2023 meta-analysis indicated an average 25% improvement in tear break-up time and a 30% reduction in symptom severity for patients consistently using heated masks over 8 weeks.

How Does Ocular Thermal Therapy Influence Neuro-Ocular Relaxation and Cognitive State?

Quick Answer: Ocular thermal therapy, particularly with heated eye masks, triggers the parasympathetic nervous system through warmth and gentle pressure, inducing a state of deep relaxation, reducing ocular muscle tension, and fostering a more focused and calm cognitive state conducive to enhanced performance.

Beyond the direct physiological benefits to tear film quality, the application of warmth to the periorbital region also exerts a profound influence on the autonomic nervous system, specifically promoting parasympathetic activation. The parasympathetic nervous system, often termed the “rest and digest” system, counteracts the sympathetic “fight or flight” response. Warmth applied to the face, especially around the eyes, can stimulate nerve endings that communicate with the brainstem, leading to a cascade of relaxing physiological responses.

This activation can result in a reduction in heart rate variability, decreased muscle tension, and the release of neurochemicals associated with calm, such as acetylcholine. For individuals engaged in demanding cognitive tasks or seeking advanced neuro-optimization, this induced state of relaxation is invaluable. It helps mitigate the effects of digital eye strain, which often manifests as fatigue, headaches, and reduced concentration. By incorporating a heated eye mask into a daily routine, users report not only improved ocular comfort but also a noticeable enhancement in their ability to sustain focus and manage stress, effectively auto-tuning their neuro-visual system for peak cognitive function. This synergistic effect underscores the holistic benefits of these devices, moving beyond mere symptom relief to contribute to overall mental and physical well-being.

What Are the Top Heated Eye Masks for Dry Eyes in 2025 and How Do They Compare?

Quick Answer: The top heated eye masks for dry eyes in 2025 feature advanced temperature control, ergonomic designs, smart connectivity, and integrated massage functions, offering personalized relief and enhanced user experience compared to earlier models.

As we navigate 2025, the market for heated eye masks for dry eyes 2025 has evolved significantly, driven by advancements in material science, microelectronics, and user experience design. Today’s leading devices move beyond simple heat application, integrating features that cater specifically to the discerning biohacker and tech-savvy professional seeking optimal dry eye relief. Key differentiators now include precise digital temperature control, customizable therapy durations, ergonomic contours for superior comfort, and even smart connectivity for personalized programs.

The focus is on delivering consistent, safe, and effective warmth directly to the meibomian glands, while also providing a sensory experience that promotes deep relaxation. Many models now incorporate soft, breathable fabrics, often hypoallergenic, to prevent skin irritation during extended use. Battery life and portability are also critical considerations for professionals who require on-the-go relief. The rise of integrated massage functions, often with gentle air compression or vibration, further distinguishes premium models, offering a dual benefit of thermal therapy and lymphatic stimulation. These innovations collectively contribute to a more effective and enjoyable dry eye management experience, empowering users to maintain peak visual and cognitive performance throughout their demanding schedules.

What Key Features Should You Prioritize When Choosing a Heated Eye Mask?

Quick Answer: When choosing a heated eye mask, prioritize precise digital temperature control, a comfortable and hygienic material, a consistent heat distribution system, adjustable timer settings, and portability, ensuring safe, effective, and convenient dry eye therapy.

Selecting the ideal heated eye mask involves a careful evaluation of several critical features that directly impact efficacy, safety, and user satisfaction. For the biohacker demographic, precision and performance are paramount. Here are the key attributes to consider:

• • Digital Temperature Control: Advanced masks offer adjustable temperature settings, typically ranging from 38°C to 45°C (100°F to 113°F). This precision is crucial for achieving the optimal meibum melting point without risking thermal injury to the delicate periorbital skin. Look for masks with clear digital displays and easy-to-use controls.
• • Consistent Heat Distribution: Uniform heat across the entire eyelid area ensures all meibomian glands receive therapeutic warmth. Inferior designs may have hot spots or cold spots, reducing efficacy. Carbon fiber heating elements or graphene technology are often superior in this regard.
• • Timer Settings with Auto-Shutoff: A programmable timer, typically from 10 to 30 minutes, allows for customized therapy sessions. An auto-shutoff feature is vital for safety, preventing overheating and allowing for relaxed use without constant monitoring.
• • Material and Hygiene: Choose masks made from soft, breathable, and hypoallergenic materials like silk, cotton, or medical-grade silicone. Removable and washable covers are essential for maintaining hygiene and preventing bacterial buildup, especially around the eyes.
• • Ergonomics and Comfort: The mask should conform comfortably to the contours of your face without exerting excessive pressure on the eyeballs. An adjustable strap ensures a secure yet gentle fit for various head sizes.
• • Portability and Power Source: USB-powered options or those with long-lasting rechargeable batteries offer greater flexibility for use at home, in the office, or while traveling.
• • Additional Features: Consider features like gentle massage modes (air compression or vibration), aromatherapy capabilities, or even integrated light therapy (e.g., red light for collagen stimulation) for enhanced relaxation and comprehensive ocular wellness. Devices such as an intelligent eye massager or a Homedics Nu-View eye massager often blend heat with other therapeutic modalities.

Which Specific Heated Eye Masks Lead the Market in 2025?

Quick Answer: In 2025, leading heated eye masks include the Neuro Eye Massager, Pureheal Heated Eye Massager, and advanced models from Renpho and certain intelligent eye massager brands, distinguished by their precision heating, smart features, and ergonomic designs for superior dry eye management.

The landscape of heated eye masks for dry eyes in 2025 is rich with innovative products, each vying for the attention of users seeking advanced ocular care. As a leading voice in neuro-technology, NeuroTech Insider has evaluated several top contenders, focusing on their integration of science, design, and user-centric features. Here is a comparative overview of some of the most prominent models:

The Neuro Eye Massager, a flagship product recommended by NeuroTech Insider, stands out for its integration of thermal therapy with neuro-acoustic stimulation. This unique blend not only addresses the physical symptoms of dry eyes but also actively promotes a state of deep relaxation and cognitive optimization through specialized sound frequencies. Its graphene heating technology ensures rapid and incredibly uniform heat distribution, a critical factor for effective meibomian gland treatment. The device’s smart connectivity allows users to track their usage, customize programs, and even receive personalized recommendations based on their ocular health goals. While options like the Pureheal Heated Eye Massager and advanced Renpho eye massager models offer reliable performance, the Neuro Eye Massager’s comprehensive approach to ocular and neurological wellness makes it a prime choice for biohackers.

Other noteworthy mentions include devices found under search terms like walmart eye massager dry eyes, which often represent more accessible entry points into heated eye therapy, or specific models like the walmart c kp eye massager dry eyes. While these may offer basic functionality, premium models prioritize advanced features for optimal results.

What Are the Different Types of Heated Eye Masks and How Do You Choose the Best One?

Quick Answer: Heated eye masks primarily come in electric (USB-powered, battery-operated), microwaveable, and self-heating chemical types; choosing the best one depends on desired convenience, temperature control precision, portability, and integration with a comprehensive wellness routine.

The variety of heated eye masks dry eyes available today caters to a broad spectrum of user preferences and needs, forming a comprehensive types and choosing guide. Understanding the fundamental differences between these categories is essential for making an informed decision that aligns with your lifestyle and specific dry eye challenges. Each type offers distinct advantages and disadvantages, particularly concerning convenience, consistency of heat, and potential for advanced features.

What are the Primary Categories of Heated Eye Masks Available?

Quick Answer: The main categories of heated eye masks include electric (USB-powered or rechargeable), microwaveable (gel or bead-filled), and disposable self-heating masks, each offering varying levels of convenience, heat control, and portability.

• • Electric Heated Eye Masks: These are the most advanced and increasingly popular option, particularly among those seeking precise control and consistent therapy. They typically feature a USB power source or a rechargeable battery, allowing for sustained, controlled heat.

  

  • • Pros: Consistent and controllable temperature, adjustable timers, often include massage functions (e.g., intelligent eye massager), reusable, and environmentally friendly. Ideal for regular, targeted therapy.
  • • Cons: Higher initial cost, requires charging or a power source, potentially less portable if tethered.
• • Microwaveable Eye Masks: These masks contain natural fillers like flax seeds, rice, or gel beads that retain heat after being warmed in a microwave. They are a traditional and widely accessible option.
  • • Pros: Low cost, easy to use, no batteries or cords, readily available.
  • • Cons: Heat duration is limited (typically 5-10 minutes), temperature consistency can vary, risk of overheating if microwaved incorrectly, not ideal for on-the-go use.
• • Disposable Self-Heating Eye Masks: These masks use a chemical reaction (often involving iron powder and oxygen) to generate a controlled heat for a specific duration. They are designed for single use.
  • • Pros: Highly convenient, excellent for travel, consistent heat for a set period, no external power needed.
  • • Cons: Single-use (less eco-friendly), higher long-term cost, less precise temperature control, limited to one specific heat level.

How Can Biohackers and Tech-Savvy Individuals Personalize Their Eye Mask Selection?

Quick Answer: Biohackers should personalize their heated eye mask selection by prioritizing devices with smart features like app control, precise biometric feedback, integrated neuro-modulation, and advanced material science to align with their goals for cognitive enhancement, stress reduction, and optimal ocular health.

For biohackers and tech-savvy individuals, the selection process extends beyond basic functionality. It involves integrating the heated eye mask into a broader strategy for cognitive optimization and physiological resilience. Here’s a refined approach to personalization:

• • Data-Driven Customization: Seek masks that offer app connectivity to track usage patterns, preferred temperature settings, and subjective symptom improvement. The ability to log data allows for iterative optimization of your dry eye treatment protocol.
• • Integrated Neuro-Modulation: Consider devices that incorporate elements like binaural beats or specific sound frequencies designed to induce alpha or theta brainwave states. This enhances the relaxation response, potentially improving sleep quality and reducing systemic stress, which indirectly benefits ocular health. The Neuro Eye Massager exemplifies this approach.
• • Material Science and Comfort: Prioritize masks with advanced, hypoallergenic materials that are gentle on sensitive skin and provide optimal thermal transfer without causing irritation. Look for designs that minimize pressure on the eyeballs while maximizing coverage of the meibomian glands.
• • Synergy with Other Biohacking Tools: Evaluate how the eye mask integrates with other biohacking tools in your arsenal, such as blue light blocking glasses, sleep trackers, or meditation apps. A device that complements your existing routine will yield greater cumulative benefits.
• • Long-Term Value and Durability: Invest in a device that is built to last, with robust components and a reputable warranty. The long-term efficacy of regular heat therapy makes durability a key economic and performance consideration.

By focusing on these advanced criteria, biohackers can transform a simple dry eye remedy into a sophisticated tool for continuous ocular and neurological optimization.

How Can You Integrate Heated Eye Masks into a High-Performance Biohacking Routine?

Quick Answer: Integrate heated eye masks into a high-performance biohacking routine by using them strategically during pre-sleep relaxation, post-intensive screen work, or meditative breaks to enhance ocular recovery, stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system, and optimize cognitive readiness.

For the dedicated biohacker, every tool and technique is a means to achieve peak performance, enhance recovery, and extend cognitive longevity. Heated eye masks, when integrated thoughtfully, transcend their role as mere dry eye remedies to become potent instruments for ocular wellness and neuro-optimization. The strategic timing and pairing of this therapy with other biohacking modalities can amplify its benefits, leading to a synergistic improvement in visual comfort, mental clarity, and overall resilience.

What Are the Optimal Usage Protocols for Maximum Benefit?

Quick Answer: Optimal usage protocols for heated eye masks typically involve daily application for 10-15 minutes at 40-45°C, preferably in the morning or evening, to maximize meibomian gland function, reduce inflammation, and facilitate sustained dry eye relief.

Consistency is key when it comes to therapeutic heat for dry eyes. Medical consensus suggests that daily application yields the most significant and lasting benefits. Here’s a breakdown of optimal usage protocols:

• • Frequency: For chronic dry eye or MGD, daily use is highly recommended. For preventative measures or occasional strain, 3-4 times per week may suffice.
• • Duration: A session of 10-15 minutes is generally considered optimal. This duration allows sufficient time for the heat to penetrate the eyelids and liquefy the meibum without causing discomfort. Many advanced masks, including the Neuro Eye Massager, offer pre-set timers for this duration.
• • Temperature: Aim for a consistent temperature between 40-45°C (104-113°F). This range is therapeutically effective for meibum melting while remaining safe for ocular tissues.
• • Timing:
  • • Morning Ritual: Applying a heated mask in the morning can help clear any overnight meibum blockages, setting your eyes up for a day of optimal comfort and visual performance. This is particularly beneficial for individuals who experience significant morning dryness.
  • • Post-Screen Exposure: After prolonged digital work sessions, a heated eye mask can rapidly alleviate digital eye strain, reduce fatigue, and prepare your eyes for further cognitive tasks or wind-down activities.
  • • Pre-Sleep Enhancement: Using a heated mask as part of your evening wind-down routine can significantly enhance relaxation, facilitate the transition to sleep, and promote deeper restorative sleep, contributing to overall neuro-recovery.
• • Post-Treatment Actions: Immediately after using a heated mask, gentle eyelid massage or blinking exercises can help express the liquefied meibum. Some practitioners also recommend using preservative-free artificial tears to flush the ocular surface and further stabilize the tear film.

How Do Heated Eye Masks Synergize with Other Neuro-Technology and Biohacking Practices?

Quick Answer: Heated eye masks synergize with neuro-technology by enhancing the efficacy of brainwave entrainment through deep relaxation, reducing visual noise for improved meditation or focus, and providing a foundational ocular comfort that optimizes the receptivity to other cognitive enhancement modalities.

The true power of heated eye masks for biohackers emerges when they are integrated into a holistic stack of neuro-optimization tools. Consider these synergistic applications:

• • Meditation and Mindfulness: The warmth and gentle pressure of a heated eye mask can deepen meditative states by blocking out light and providing a soothing sensory input. When paired with guided meditation or binaural beats (often integrated into devices like the Neuro Eye Massager), this creates an unparalleled environment for stress reduction and mental clarity. This combination can facilitate the entry into alpha and theta brainwave states, promoting creativity and deep relaxation.
• • Sleep Optimization: Using a heated mask before sleep can prime the body for restorative rest. The parasympathetic activation helps to lower heart rate and calm the mind, making it an excellent precursor to using sleep-tracking devices or smart mattresses designed to enhance sleep cycles. Reduced ocular discomfort also minimizes sleep disturbances caused by dry, irritated eyes.
• • Cognitive Enhancement Sessions: For biohackers engaging in neurofeedback, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), or focused work requiring intense visual concentration, a pre-session heated eye mask can optimize baseline comfort. By eliminating ocular distractions, it allows for a more profound engagement with the primary cognitive task, potentially improving learning rates and sustained attention.
• • Post-Workout Recovery: Just as heat therapy aids muscle recovery, a heated eye mask can be incorporated into a broader post-physical exertion recovery protocol. The relaxation induced can help lower overall systemic inflammation and facilitate the body’s natural healing processes.

By strategically layering these therapies, biohackers can create a robust system for maintaining optimal visual health and leveraging it as a gateway to superior cognitive and physiological states. This integrated approach ensures that the benefits of each tool are maximized, leading to a truly auto-tuned internal operating system.

What Does the Future Hold for Ocular Wellness: Innovations in 2025 and Beyond?

Quick Answer: The future of ocular wellness in 2025 and beyond will feature highly personalized smart eye masks with AI-driven diagnostics, adaptive thermal and massage therapies, biometric feedback integration, and advanced neuro-modulation for truly predictive and preventative dry eye care and cognitive enhancement.

The rapid pace of technological innovation, particularly in the fields of bioengineering and artificial intelligence, promises a transformative future for ocular wellness. As we move further into 2025 and anticipate the next decade, heated eye masks are poised to evolve from reactive symptom relief tools into proactive, intelligent devices integral to personalized health ecosystems. The convergence of miniaturized sensors, advanced algorithms, and responsive materials will unlock unprecedented levels of customization and efficacy in dry eye management and broader neuro-visual optimization.

How Will Smart Eye Masks and AI Integration Revolutionize Personalized Ocular Care?

Quick Answer: Smart eye masks with AI will revolutionize ocular care by offering real-time tear film analysis, dynamic adjustment of heat and massage based on individual biometric data, predictive insights for dry eye flare-ups, and adaptive neuro-modulation programs tailored for optimal user experience and health outcomes.

The next generation of heated eye masks will be defined by their intelligence and adaptability. Imagine a device that not only applies heat but also actively monitors your ocular surface health. These intelligent eye massager systems will feature:

• • Real-time Biometric Feedback: Integrated micro-sensors could measure tear osmolarity, blink rate, and even subtle changes in eyelid temperature or skin conductance. This data, analyzed by on-board AI, would provide a precise snapshot of your current ocular state.
• • Adaptive Therapy Protocols: Instead of fixed temperature and duration settings, the mask could dynamically adjust its heat output and massage patterns in real-time, optimizing the therapeutic effect based on your individual physiological response and immediate needs. For example, if tear film stability is detected to be low, the device could extend the heat application slightly.
• • Predictive Analytics for Dry Eye: By learning your daily routines, environmental exposures, and physiological data, AI could predict potential dry eye flare-ups before they occur. The mask might then suggest preventative therapy sessions or adjustments to your hydration and screen-time habits.
• • Personalized Neuro-Modulation: Beyond simple soundscapes, future masks might integrate advanced neuro-modulation techniques, such as targeted light frequencies or subtle haptic feedback, to guide brainwave states more effectively for enhanced relaxation, focus, or even creative flow. These could be tailored precisely to individual brainwave patterns identified through integrated EEG sensors.
• • Seamless Integration into Digital Health Platforms: These smart masks will likely integrate with broader digital health platforms, sharing data with your ophthalmologist or general wellness tracker to provide a holistic view of your health. This ensures that ocular health is not treated in isolation but as a vital component of overall well-being.

The implications for biohackers are immense: a truly personalized, proactive approach to maintaining and enhancing one of their most critical sensory inputs – vision. This evolution moves us closer to a future where ocular discomfort is not just treated, but intelligently prevented, fostering sustained peak performance.

Elevate Your Vision: The NeuroTech Insider Advantage

Quick Answer: NeuroTech Insider empowers you to elevate your vision and cognitive performance through expertly curated neuro-technology, offering advanced heated eye masks like the Neuro Eye Massager that integrate scientific principles for unparalleled ocular wellness and mental clarity.

In the pursuit of peak human performance, maintaining optimal ocular health is non-negotiable. Your eyes are the primary interface through which you interact with the digital world and process vast amounts of information, directly influencing your cognitive capacity and overall well-being. NeuroTech Insider is dedicated to providing cutting-edge solutions that empower you to proactively manage your visual health and unlock your full potential.

Our commitment extends beyond simply offering products; we provide detailed interpretations, scientific explanations, and a visionary approach to biohacking that integrates neuroscience with practical, accessible tools. The Neuro Eye Massager, a cornerstone of our ocular wellness offerings, exemplifies this philosophy. It represents a significant leap forward in dry eye management, combining therapeutic heat, gentle massage, and advanced neuro-acoustic stimulation to not only alleviate symptoms but also to promote profound relaxation and cognitive enhancement.

Choosing an advanced heated eye mask is an investment in your most valuable asset: your perception and cognitive agility. By embracing these sophisticated tools, you are taking a proactive step to upgrade your internal operating system, ensuring your brain and eyes function harmoniously at their highest capacity. This translates into sustained focus, reduced mental fatigue, and an enhanced ability to thrive in today’s demanding environments. NeuroTech Insider is your trusted partner in this journey, providing the insights and technology to help you achieve unparalleled visual and cognitive performance.

Conclusion: Auto-Tune Your Eyes for a Brighter Future

The journey towards optimal ocular health and peak cognitive performance is an ongoing evolution, and heated eye masks stand as a pivotal tool in this endeavor. From understanding the nuanced science of meibomian gland function to exploring the latest innovations in smart, connected devices, we have seen how targeted thermal therapy transcends simple symptom relief. It becomes a sophisticated component of a comprehensive biohacking strategy, capable of enhancing relaxation, improving visual acuity, and fostering a state of sustained mental clarity.

As we look to the future, the integration of AI, real-time biometric feedback, and personalized neuro-modulation promises an even more refined and predictive approach to ocular wellness. Devices like the Neuro Eye Massager, championed by NeuroTech Insider, are at the forefront of this revolution, offering a glimpse into a future where dry eyes are not just managed but proactively prevented, allowing you to maintain an auto-tuned visual system ready for any challenge. Embrace the power of intelligent heat therapy to safeguard your vision, optimize your cognitive function, and experience a future of enhanced well-being.

References & Further Reading

• • Eyelid warming devices for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6036814/
• • The Role of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Dry Eye Disease: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/dry-eye-meibomian-gland-dysfunction
• • Effect of warm compresses on meibomian gland dysfunction: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4030739/
• • The Biohacker’s Guide to Optimal Vision and Cognitive Performance: https://neurotechinsider.com/blog/biohackers-guide-vision-cognition
• • Neuromodulation for Ocular Surface Disease: https://www.reviewofoptometry.com/article/neuromodulation-for-ocular-surface-disease